blckshdwdragon thinks hue has something to do with gray and black

Ugh, too lazy to read all of this.

For the HSL scale, Hue is somewhat alike the wavelength of colour as WW stated. Hue always evaluates to true, meaning you always need a "pure" colour hue, such as "red", "blue", "indigo", "violet" and such.
Saturation is the pureness of colour. No saturation results in a grayscale ranging from white to black. Full saturation is pure colour; as the hue seems.
Lightness/Value/Blackness determines the darkness of a colour. 0 value means pure black, despite what hue or saturation your colour has. Full value means pure illuminance of the colour.

For instance, a red hue with full saturation and full value becomes pure "red", more red than you would ever see in nature. A red ferrari never has a fully saturated red colour in reality. Any hue with no (or low) saturation and high value will be light gray, or white.

Technically, you could do a very nice-looking painting with only one single hue, say red. You could easily vary the red to, say, pure black, dark gray, white, dark red, and pinkish by playing with the saturation and value alone. There are also certain tricks that can make one red with high saturation look like a completely different hue when surrounded by low saturation red of the same hue. Colour balance takes lots of time to get used to, but it works.